The flesh pigmentation of farmed Atlantic salmon is fashioned by accumulation of carotenoids derived from industrial diets. In the salmon gastrointestinal system, the hindgut is taken into account important in the processes of carotenoids uptake and metabolism. In Tasmania, flesh color depletion can noticeably have an effect on farmed Atlantic salmon at completely different ranges of severity following extraordinarily sizzling summers.
In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was carried out to research the discount in flesh pigmentation. Library preparation is a key step that considerably impacts the effectiveness of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) experiments. Besides the generally used complete transcript RNA-Seq methodology, the 3′ mRNA-Seq methodology is being utilized extensively, owing to its diminished value, enabling extra repeats to be sequenced at the expense of decrease decision.
Therefore, the output of the Illumina TruSeq equipment (complete transcript RNA-Seq) and the Lexogen QuantSeq equipment (3′ mRNA-Seq) was analyzed to establish genes in the Atlantic salmon hindgut which are differentially expressed (DEGs) between two flesh color phenotypes. each strategies, DEGs between the two color phenotypes have been related to metallic ion transport, oxidation-reduction processes, and immune responses.
We additionally discovered DEGs associated to lipid metabolism in the QuantSeq methodology. In the TruSeq methodology, a missense mutation was detected in DEGs in completely different flesh color traits. The quantity of DEGs discovered in the TruSeq libraries was a lot larger than the QuantSeq; nonetheless, the pattern of DEGs in each library strategies was related and validated by qPCR.
First Report of Little cherry virus 1 Infecting Sweet Cherry in Ontario, Canada
The Niagara fruit belt is one of the richest fruit-producing areas in Canada, contributing to 90% of Ontario’s tender fruits reminiscent of peach, plum and candy cherry. Little cherry virus 1 (LCV1) of the genus Velarivirus is a causal agent of little cherry illness which has devastated cherry crops in many areas (Eastwell and Bernardy 1998, Jelkmann and Eastwell, 2011).
From 2013 to 2018, foliar signs indicative of viral an infection reminiscent of leaf deformation, ringspot, mottling, vein clearing, and reddening have been discovered on candy cherry bushes grown in the Niagara area. To decide if these bushes have been contaminated by a virus, small RNAs (sRNAs) have been remoted from individually pooled asymptomatic and symptomatic leaves utilizing the mirPremier microRNA isolation equipment (Sigma Aldrich Canada, Oakville, ON).
The sRNAs have been used to create two libraries (4 leaves per library) with the TruSeq Small RNA Sample Prep Kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA). The sRNA libraries have been individually sequenced with the MiSeq Desktop Sequencer (Illumina, San Diego, CA). In whole, 5,380,196 reads have been obtained and Trimmomatic (Bolger et al. 2014) was used to take away adaptors.
The remaining 4,733,804 clear reads have been assembled into contigs utilizing Velvet 0.7.31 and Oases 0.2.09 (Schulz et al. 2012) with minimal size of 75 nt (Supplementary Table 1). A BLASTn search (Altschul et al. 1997) of the contigs recognized the presence of Cherry virus A (genus: Capillovirus), two members of the Ilarvirus genus (Prunus necrotic ringspot virus and Prune dwarf virus) in each libraries. LCV1 was solely discovered in contigs derived from the symptomatic library.
Of the clear reads, 22,016 have been assembled into six contigs (with lengths starting from 86 to 116 nt, Supplementary Table 1) mapping to LCV1, protecting 7.07% of the viral genome. To affirm LCV1 an infection, primers have been designed from the assembled contigs and used for reverse transcription polymerase chain response (RT-PCR).
Amplicons have been sequenced and the terminal sequences have been decided utilizing 5′ and three’ RACE Systems (Invitrogen, Burlington, ON). Degenerate primers have been designed from a number of sequence alignments of printed LCV1 genomes for amplification and primer strolling to acquire the sequence of LCV1 (Table S2). The full genome sequence of LCV1 has a size of 16,934 nt and was deposited in GenBank .
A BLASTn search confirmed that this isolate is sort of similar (99.6% sequence identification) to an isolate from California . To decide the incidence of an infection, a discipline survey was carried out at the similar location throughout spring months of 2014 to 2018 utilizing RT-PCR with primers particular to the viral coat protein gene (Supplementary Tale 2).
Among 46 cherry bushes sampled, two (4.3%) bushes have been contaminated with LCV1 and confirmed adverse outcomes with CVA, PNRSV and PDV. Both bushes displayed delicate suturing of major and secondary veins (Supplementary Figure 1).
LCV1 has been recognized in Western stone fruit producing areas (British Columbia in Canada, and Washington, California, and Oregon in the United States of America). To the greatest of our data, that is the first report of LCV1 in any japanese area of Canada. The low incidence of LCV1 means that this virus shouldn’t be widespread in this area. Routine monitoring and detection of LCV1 is required to forestall this devastating cherry illness from spreading in this area.
Streptococcus, Centrocestus formosanus and Myxobolus tilapiae concurrent infections in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Stress triggered concurrent microbial/parasitic infections are prevalent in earthen pond based mostly farmed Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. In the present study, a complete of thirty 5 O. niloticus have been collected from a industrial fish farm with a historical past of extreme mortalities at Port Said, Egypt. Nile tilapia samples have been subjected to bacteriological, parasitological and pathological examinations.
Twenty one Enterococcus fecalis and 15 Streptococcus agalactiae isolates have been presumptively recognized using the semi-automated API 20 Strept take a look at equipment. The identities of the retrieved micro organism have been confirmed by the sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene.
Moribund O. niloticus have been discovered to be closely contaminated by one or each of Centrocestus formosanus encysted metacercariae (EMC) and/or Myxobolus tilapiae spores presenting a singular type of synergistic and/or symbiotic relationship.
The identities of each parasites have been confirmed by morphological and molecular characterization. Variable circulatory, degenerative, necrotic and proliferative modifications have been additionally seen in hematopoietic organs. Interestingly, a number of myxobolus spores and EMC have been seen in some histological sections.
Trypin for Mass & Sequencing |
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| T9600-400 | GenDepot | 4x100ug | 651 EUR |
SequaGel Sequencing System 1L Kit |
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| NAT1136 | National Diagnostics | 1KIT | 143 EUR |
SequaGel Sequencing System 2.2L Kit |
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| NAT1138 | National Diagnostics | EACH | 211 EUR |
PCR Clean Up for DNA Sequencing |
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| BT5100 | Bio Basic | 100preps | 95.68 EUR |
PCR Clean Up for DNA Sequencing |
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| BT5101 | Bio Basic | 1000Preps, 1000prep | 461.08 EUR |
DNA Library Prep Kit for IIlumina Sequencing |
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| K1475-12 | Biovision | 12 Rxns | 480 EUR |
Random Primers |
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| S300 | GeneOn | 30 µg | 46 EUR |
Random Primers |
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| S305 | GeneOn | 5x30 µg | 102 EUR |
U1 Primers |
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| MP00001 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 121 EUR |
SNORD44 Primers |
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| MPH00003 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 121 EUR |
SNORD47 Primers |
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| MPH00004 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 121 EUR |
SNORD48 Primers |
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| MPH00005 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 121 EUR |
RNU43 Primers |
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| MPM00003 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 121 EUR |
snoRNA142 Primers |
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| MPM00004 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 121 EUR |
U6-2 Primers |
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| MPH00001 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 121 EUR |
U6 snRNA Primers |
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| MPM00002 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 121 EUR |
U1 snRNA Primers |
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| MPM00006 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 121 EUR |
rno-miR-323 Primers |
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| MP-r00001 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-301a Primers |
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| MP-r00002 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-326 Primers |
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| MP-r00005 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-327 Primers |
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| MP-r00006 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-let-7d Primers |
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| MP-r00007 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-328 Primers |
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| MP-r00008 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-329 Primers |
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| MP-r00009 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-331 Primers |
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| MP-r00010 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-140 Primers |
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| MP-r00011 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-335 Primers |
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| MP-r00012 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-336 Primers |
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| MP-r00013 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-337 Primers |
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| MP-r00014 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-338 Primers |
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| MP-r00015 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-341 Primers |
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| MP-r00017 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-343 Primers |
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| MP-r00018 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-346 Primers |
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| MP-r00020 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-347 Primers |
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| MP-r00021 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-349 Primers |
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| MP-r00022 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-129 Primers |
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| MP-r00023 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-20a Primers |
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| MP-r00024 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-350 Primers |
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| MP-r00025 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-7a Primers |
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| MP-r00026 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-7a Primers |
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| MP-r00027 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-351 Primers |
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| MP-r00028 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-352 Primers |
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| MP-r00029 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-135b Primers |
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| MP-r00030 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-151 Primers |
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| MP-r00031 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-101b Primers |
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| MP-r00032 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-let-7a Primers |
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| MP-r00033 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-let-7b Primers |
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| MP-r00034 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-let-7c Primers |
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| MP-r00035 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-let-7e Primers |
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| MP-r00036 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-let-7f Primers |
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| MP-r00037 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-let-7i Primers |
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| MP-r00038 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-7b Primers |
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| MP-r00039 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-9 Primers |
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| MP-r00040 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-10b Primers |
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| MP-r00042 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-15b Primers |
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| MP-r00043 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-16 Primers |
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| MP-r00044 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-18a Primers |
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| MP-r00047 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-19b Primers |
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| MP-r00048 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-19a Primers |
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| MP-r00049 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-21 Primers |
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| MP-r00050 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-22 Primers |
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| MP-r00051 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-23a Primers |
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| MP-r00052 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-23b Primers |
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| MP-r00053 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-24 Primers |
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| MP-r00054 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-24 Primers |
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| MP-r00055 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-25 Primers |
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| MP-r00056 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-26a Primers |
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| MP-r00057 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-26b Primers |
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| MP-r00058 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-27b Primers |
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| MP-r00059 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-27a Primers |
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| MP-r00060 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-28 Primers |
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| MP-r00061 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-29b Primers |
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| MP-r00062 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-29b Primers |
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| MP-r00063 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-29a Primers |
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| MP-r00064 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-29c Primers |
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| MP-r00065 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-30c Primers |
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| MP-r00066 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-30e Primers |
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| MP-r00067 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-30d Primers |
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| MP-r00069 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-30a Primers |
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| MP-r00070 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-31 Primers |
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| MP-r00071 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-32 Primers |
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| MP-r00072 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-33 Primers |
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| MP-r00073 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-34b Primers |
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| MP-r00074 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-34c Primers |
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| MP-r00075 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-34a Primers |
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| MP-r00076 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-92a Primers |
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| MP-r00077 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-93 Primers |
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| MP-r00078 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-96 Primers |
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| MP-r00079 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-98 Primers |
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| MP-r00080 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-99a Primers |
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| MP-r00081 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-99b Primers |
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| MP-r00082 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-100 Primers |
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| MP-r00083 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-101a Primers |
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| MP-r00084 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-103 Primers |
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| MP-r00085 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-106b Primers |
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| MP-r00086 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-107 Primers |
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| MP-r00087 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-122 Primers |
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| MP-r00088 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-124 Primers |
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| MP-r00089 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-126 Primers |
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| MP-r00092 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-127 Primers |
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| MP-r00093 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-128 Primers |
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| MP-r00094 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-130a Primers |
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| MP-r00095 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-130b Primers |
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| MP-r00096 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-132 Primers |
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| MP-r00097 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-133a Primers |
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| MP-r00098 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-134 Primers |
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| MP-r00099 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-135a Primers |
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| MP-r00100 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-136 Primers |
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| MP-r00101 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-137 Primers |
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| MP-r00102 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-138 Primers |
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| MP-r00103 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-141 Primers |
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| MP-r00105 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-143 Primers |
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| MP-r00107 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-144 Primers |
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| MP-r00108 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-145 Primers |
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| MP-r00109 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-146a Primers |
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| MP-r00110 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-150 Primers |
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| MP-r00111 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-152 Primers |
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| MP-r00112 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-153 Primers |
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| MP-r00113 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-154 Primers |
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| MP-r00114 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-181c Primers |
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| MP-r00115 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-181a Primers |
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| MP-r00116 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-181a Primers |
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| MP-r00117 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-181b Primers |
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| MP-r00118 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-183 Primers |
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| MP-r00119 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-184 Primers |
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| MP-r00120 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-185 Primers |
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| MP-r00121 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-186 Primers |
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| MP-r00122 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-187 Primers |
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| MP-r00123 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-190 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00124 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-191 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00125 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-192 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00126 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-193 Primers |
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| MP-r00127 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-194 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00128 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-195 Primers |
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| MP-r00129 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-196a Primers |
|||
| MP-r00130 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-200c Primers |
|||
| MP-r00132 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-200a Primers |
|||
| MP-r00133 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-200b Primers |
|||
| MP-r00134 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-203 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00135 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-204 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00136 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-205 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00137 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-206 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00138 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-208 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00139 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-210 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00140 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-211 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00141 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-212 Primers |
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| MP-r00142 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-214 Primers |
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| MP-r00143 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-216a Primers |
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| MP-r00144 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-217 Primers |
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| MP-r00145 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-218 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00146 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-221 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00148 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-222 Primers |
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| MP-r00149 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-223 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00150 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-290 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00151 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-297 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00154 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-298 Primers |
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| MP-r00155 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-299 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00156 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-320 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00157 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-196b Primers |
|||
| MP-r00158 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-421 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00159 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-448 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00160 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-429 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00161 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-449a Primers |
|||
| MP-r00162 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-450a Primers |
|||
| MP-r00163 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-365 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00164 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
rno-miR-322 Primers |
|||
| MP-r00165 | ABM | 150 ul / 10 uM | 176 EUR |
It was apparent that the present concurrent bacterial and parasitic infections are triggered by the deleterious results of some stressing environmental circumstances. The unfavorable weather conditions (excessive temperature and excessive relative humidity) recorded at the surge of mortalities are possible predisposing stress elements.